Teacher Career Path: Lead Teacher, Coordinator, Counselor, Principal

Updated · By Andrew Johnson, OneTwo Resume

In short: Elementary teachers start with a bachelor’s degree and, in public schools, a state license; experienced teachers can become mentor or lead teachers, and with a master’s degree and several years in the classroom move into instructional coordinator, school counselor, assistant principal or principal roles.

Data: BLS OES May 2025 (national median annual wage), BLS Employment Projections education and training table (2025), O*NET OnLine. Sources checked .

What is the typical teacher career path?

Each row below is a step documented by BLS or O*NET. Pay is the national median for the step’s whole occupation across all experience levels; where a step is a level inside an occupation, BLS publishes no separate figure and none is shown.

StepTypical education and experienceMedian pay (May 2025)Source
EntryTeacher assistant (related starting point)Some college, no degree; no related work experience typically required$36,780Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary (SOC 25-9045)BLS
EntryElementary school teacherBachelor's degree; no related work experience typically required$63,970Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education (SOC 25-2021)O*NET
Mid-careerMentor or lead teacherClassroom experience (BLS)Not published separately; counted in Elementary School Teachers, Except Special EducationBLS
Senior / leadInstructional coordinatorMaster's degree; 5 years or more of related work experience$77,440Instructional Coordinators (SOC 25-9031)BLS
Senior / leadSchool counselorMaster's degree; no related work experience typically required$64,330Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors (SOC 21-1012)BLS
Senior / leadAssistant principal or principalMaster's degree; 5 years or more of related work experience$105,870Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary (SOC 11-9032)BLS

Education and experience columns for steps with a BLS occupation are the BLS Employment Projections assignments (typical education needed for entry; work experience in a related occupation; on-the-job training). Steps without their own occupation are described from the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook.

How do you become a lead teacher?

Through classroom experience: BLS says experienced teachers may advance to serve as mentors to new teachers or become lead teachers, helping less-experienced colleagues improve their teaching. BLS does not describe a separate credential for the lead-teacher role.

What can a teacher move into?

BLS lists the documented moves: with additional education or certification, teachers may become school counselors, school librarians or instructional coordinators, and some become assistant principals or principals, which generally requires more schooling in education administration or leadership.

How long does it take to become a principal?

BLS lists a master’s degree plus 5 years or more of related work experience as typical for K–12 education administrators, and says principals need several years of teaching experience. Most states also require a school administrator license, usually including an exam and a background check.

What does each step involve, and which skills does it use?

What the sources say about each step, with the skills listed on our resume example for that role where we have one.

Entry

Teacher assistant (related starting point)

BLS lists teacher assistants among occupations similar to kindergarten and elementary teachers, and O*NET lists them as related. Teacher assistants in public schools need at least 2 years of college coursework or an associate’s degree. BLS does not describe the role as a required step toward teaching.

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary · O*NET OnLine: Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary · BLS Employment Projections, Table 5.4 (2025) · BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers · O*NET OnLine: Elementary School Teachers (related occupations)

Entry

Elementary school teacher

Public elementary teachers typically need a bachelor’s degree in elementary education and a state license, which generally requires a minimum GPA, student teaching, a background check and certification tests. All states offer an alternative route for people who already have a bachelor’s degree, and some states require teachers to earn a master’s degree after certification.

Skills from our resume example for this role

  • Lesson Planning
  • Standards-Based Instruction
  • Differentiated Instruction
  • Classroom Management
  • Formative and Summative Assessment
  • Progress Monitoring

Resume example · Interview questions · Cover letter example

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education (profile) · O*NET OnLine: Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education · BLS Employment Projections, Table 5.4 (2025)

Mid-career

Mentor or lead teacher

BLS: experienced teachers may advance to serve as mentors to new teachers or become lead teachers, helping less-experienced teachers improve their teaching skills. These roles remain within the teaching occupation, so BLS publishes no separate figure.

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Senior / lead

Instructional coordinator

BLS: with additional education or certification, teachers may become instructional coordinators. Coordinators in public schools are required to have a master’s degree in education or curriculum and instruction, and most need several years of experience as a teacher or instructional leader.

Skills from our resume example for this role

  • Curriculum Design
  • Instructional Leadership
  • Professional Development
  • Data Analysis
  • Educational Technology
  • Assessment and Evaluation

Resume example · Interview questions · Cover letter example

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Instructional Coordinators · O*NET OnLine: Instructional Coordinators · BLS Employment Projections, Table 5.4 (2025) · BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Senior / lead

School counselor

BLS names school counselor as a move teachers can make with additional education or certification. Nearly all states require school counselors to have a master’s degree, and public school counselors need a state-issued credential; some employers prefer classroom teaching experience.

Skills from our resume example for this role

  • Student Counseling
  • Academic Advising
  • Crisis Intervention
  • Career Planning
  • Group Counseling
  • Behavioral Assessment

Resume example · Interview questions · Cover letter example

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · O*NET OnLine: Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors · BLS Employment Projections, Table 5.4 (2025) · BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

Senior / lead

Assistant principal or principal

Principals typically need a master’s degree in education leadership or administration and several years of teaching experience; most states require public school principals to be licensed as school administrators. BLS: an assistant principal can advance to principal, and some principals become superintendents, which may require more education.

Sources: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary · O*NET OnLine: Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary · BLS Employment Projections, Table 5.4 (2025) · BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook: Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers

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How much do you earn at each step of the teacher career path?

National median annual wages from BLS OES May 2025, for each step's whole occupation across all experience levels: Teacher assistant (related starting point): $36,780 (Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary); Elementary school teacher: $63,970 (Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education); Instructional coordinator: $77,440 (Instructional Coordinators); School counselor: $64,330 (Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors); Assistant principal or principal: $105,870 (Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary). BLS does not publish pay for levels inside an occupation, such as senior or lead titles.

Can you become a teacher without an education degree?

Yes. BLS says all states offer an alternative route to certification for people who already have a bachelor’s degree but lack the education courses; some programs let candidates teach right away under the supervision of an experienced teacher.

Do teachers need a master’s degree?

Not to start. Some states require teachers to earn one after certification and getting a job, and BLS lists a master’s degree as typical for instructional coordinators, school counselors and principals.

Can a principal advance further?

BLS says some principals become superintendents or other education administrators, which may require additional education, and others become instructional coordinators.

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